{"id":40443930,"date":"2021-09-02T15:34:48","date_gmt":"2021-09-02T13:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-co2\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T11:33:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T09:33:03","slug":"ravenna-co2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-co2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ravenna CO2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"td_uid_1_69e60246e23fe\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489822271 td_uid_1_69e60246e2404_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489822271{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_1_69e60246e2404_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\r\n\r\n                \r\n                @media (min-width: 768px) {\r\n\t                .td_uid_1_69e60246e2404_rand .td-element-style-before {\r\n\t                    background-attachment: fixed;\r\n\t                }\r\n\t                .tdc-row[class*='stretch_row'] > .td_uid_1_69e60246e2404_rand.td-pb-row > .td-element-style {\r\n\t                    left: calc((-100vw + 100%)\/2) !important;\r\n\t                    transform: none !important;\r\n\t                }\r\n                }\n\/* inline tdc_css att *\/\n\n.td_uid_1_69e60246e2404_rand{\nmargin-top:-48px !important;\npadding-top:80px !important;\nposition:relative;\n}\n\n.td_uid_1_69e60246e2404_rand .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"td_uid_1_69e60246e23fe_rand_style td-element-style\" ><div class=\"td-element-style-before\"><style>\n.td_uid_1_69e60246e23fe_rand_style > .td-element-style-before {\ncontent:'' !important;\nwidth:100% !important;\nheight:100% !important;\nposition:absolute !important;\ntop:0 !important;\nleft:0 !important;\ndisplay:block !important;\nz-index:0 !important;\nbackground-image:url(\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2019\/05\/sfondo-campi.jpg\") !important;\nbackground-size:cover !important;\nbackground-position:center top !important;\n}\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_2_69e60246e265f_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_2_69e60246e265f_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_3_69e60246e2762_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_3_69e60246e2762\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title td_uid_4_69e60246e33e9_rand tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_4_69e60246e33e9\" ><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\">\n<style>\nbody .td_uid_5_69e60246e37a0 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t.td_uid_5_69e60246e37a0 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:34px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.td_uid_5_69e60246e37a0 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:28px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index td_uid_5_69e60246e37a0\"><h1 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-md\">Soil fluxes of carbon dioxide measured in the demonstration site in Ravenna<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_3_69e60246e3e54\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row td_uid_6_69e60246e3e57_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_6_69e60246e3e57_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_7_69e60246e3f1f_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_7_69e60246e3f1f_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) fluxes from soil measured in demonstration site in Ravenna up to 31\/12\/2023&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_8_69e60246e3fef_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_8_69e60246e3fef\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>Graphs show the cumulated fluxes of CO<sub>2<\/sub> from soil, in the various phases of the crop rotation in the Conventional and the Efficient Cropping Systems. Carbon dioxide fluxes are measured by mean of 8 automated chambers, 4 in the Conventional Cropping System (CCS), and 4 in the Efficient Cropping System (ECS). Values in the graphs are the cumulated value of the daily average of the measurements made in the CCS and ECS systems, respectively.<\/p>\n<p>Data are under validation, so results are not to be considered as final.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_5_69e60246e4609\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489940432 td_uid_9_69e60246e460b_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489940432{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_9_69e60246e460b_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_10_69e60246e46d8_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_10_69e60246e46d8_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;CCS \u2013 Conventional Cropping System&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1639040008446{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-9269e60246f1f57\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2024\/04\/ravenna-co2-ccs-en.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"350\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-49769e60246f2028\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"11.356\",\"48.826\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4169e60246f2046\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 11\/12\/2019<br>\n<b>End<\/b>:  01\/04\/2019<br>\n<b>Duration<\/b>: 112 days<br>\n<b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 169.2 \u00b1 14.1 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><br>\n<b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 1.5 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><br><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-76469e60246f2085\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"20.507\",\"37.559\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-3269e60246f2094\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Maize<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 02\/04\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 10\/09\/2020 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 161 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 992.7 \u00b1 69.0 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 6.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 8.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 21.6 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 196.6  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 75 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 2 insetticides, 2 herbicides\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-76869e60246f20ae\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"25.689\",\"17.172\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5569e60246f20bb\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 11\/09\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  19\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 38 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 502.0 \u00b1 41.7 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 14.8 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-49569e60246f20d1\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"34.289\",\"40.404\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-2869e60246f20dc\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 20\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 247 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 975.9 \u00b1 154.1 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 4.0 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 6.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 16.2  t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 180.4 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicied\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-67469e60246f20ef\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"53.583\",\"29.126\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1969e60246f2100\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/05\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 325 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 1276.3 \u00b1 149.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 3.9 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-31969e60246f2115\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"65.932\",\"29.293\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4269e60246f2121\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Tomato<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/05\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 27\/08\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 1219.6 \u00b1 271.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 12.7 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 6.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 12.9 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 140.1 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>  N, 100.2 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>, 137.8 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sub>2<\/sub>O\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 389 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 insecticide, 3 herbicide, 10 fungicide \n<br><b>Residues<\/b>: buried<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-91969e60246f2133\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"71.334\",\"15.152\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5769e60246f213f\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/08\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 24\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 57 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 263.4 \u00b1 28.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 15.5 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-26969e60246f2151\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"80.265\",\"37.879\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5869e60246f215b\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/10\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 26\/06\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 244 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 1348.2 \u00b1 166.4 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 7.1 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.35 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 115.5 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 insetticide, 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-2469e60246f216b\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"93.936\",\"31.818\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7169e60246f2176\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 27\/06\/2023\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 31\/12\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 187 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 781.0 \u00b1 13.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 4.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_7_69e60246f21b5\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489946687 td_uid_11_69e60246f21b8_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489946687{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_11_69e60246f21b8_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_12_69e60246f227d_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_12_69e60246f227d_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;ECS \u2013 Efficient Cropping System&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-9469e60246f2b66\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2024\/04\/ravenna-co2-ecs-en.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"350\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-84469e60246f2bc5\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"13.010\",\"36.620\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-9969e60246f2bdc\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Pea<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 11\/12\/2019\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 19\/06\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 191 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 370.1 \u00b1 44.8 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 1.9 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.0 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 8.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 25 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-21369e60246f2c02\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"22.602\",\"36.364\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-6069e60246f2c0e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 20\/06\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  19\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 121 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 664.9 \u00b1 91.5 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Daily average flux<\/b>: 5.4 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-39869e60246f2c28\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"34.509\",\"40.404\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4869e60246f2c35\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 20\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 247 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 671.2 \u00b1 40.8 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 2.7 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 7.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 16.4  t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 130.0 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 75 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-11369e60246f2ce9\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"45.535\",\"35.354\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7969e60246f2cfa\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Alfalfa<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 05\/10\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 309.7 \u00b1 96.7 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 3.1 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 0.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-51269e60246f2d25\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"55.899\",\"38.384\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1769e60246f2d31\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 06\/10\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/05\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 222 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 495.9 \u00b1 17.0 CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 2.2 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-6869e60246f2d4b\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"66.152\",\"30.808\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5669e60246f2d57\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Tomato<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/05\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 27\/08\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 1003.8 \u00b1 193.5 CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 10.3 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 5.7 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 11.2 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 109.3 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N, 101.8 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>, 135.6 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sub>2<\/sub>O\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 311 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 insecticide, 3 herbicide, 9 fungicide\n<br><b>Residues<\/b>: buried<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-84269e60246f2d6a\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"71.334\",\"14.141\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4769e60246f2d73\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/08\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 24\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 57 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 101.4 \u00b1 4.5 CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 6.0 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-58169e60246f2d86\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"79.713\",\"38.384\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1569e60246f2d91\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/10\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 26\/06\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 244 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 1835.9 \u00b1 187.8 CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 9.7 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.35 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 156 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-66369e60246f2da7\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"90.077\",\"15.657\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-2769e60246f2db0\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Alfalfa<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 27\/06\/2023\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 28\/08\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 62 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 674.6 \u00b1 190.7 CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 10.9 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-98269e60246f2dc0\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"96.031\",\"31.313\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-8869e60246f2dca\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 29\/08\/2023\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 31\/12\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 124 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 615.9 \u00b1 170.8 CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 5.0 g CO<sub>2<\/sub> m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_9_69e60246f2ed1\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630490783983 td_uid_13_69e60246f2ed5_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630490783983{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_13_69e60246f2ed5_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_14_69e60246f2fbd_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_14_69e60246f2fbd_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/ravenna-n2o\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-7469e60246f305c\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Show N<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_15_69e60246f307f_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_15_69e60246f307f_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_16_69e60246f30b5_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_16_69e60246f30b5_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/confronto-co2\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-4869e60246f30f8\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Compare with Foggia<\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Graphs show the cumulated fluxes of CO2 from soil, in the various phases of the crop rotation in the Conventional and the Efficient Cropping Systems. Carbon dioxide fluxes are measured by mean of 8 automated chambers, 4 in the Conventional Cropping System (CCS), and 4 in the Efficient Cropping System (ECS). Values in the graphs","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[40],"class_list":["post-40443930","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ravenna CO2 - Life Agrestic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emissioni di anidride carbonica dal suolo misurate nel sito di Ravenna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-co2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ravenna CO2 - Life Agrestic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emissioni di anidride carbonica dal suolo misurate nel sito di Ravenna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-co2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Life Agrestic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-04T09:33:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-co2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-co2\/\",\"name\":\"Ravenna CO2 - 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