{"id":40443953,"date":"2021-09-29T09:31:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T07:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-n2o\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T11:43:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T09:43:23","slug":"ravenna-n2o","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-n2o\/","title":{"rendered":"Ravenna N2O"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"td_uid_1_6a0461e4b2114\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489822271 td_uid_1_6a0461e4b211a_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489822271{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_1_6a0461e4b211a_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\r\n\r\n                \r\n                @media (min-width: 768px) {\r\n\t                .td_uid_1_6a0461e4b211a_rand .td-element-style-before {\r\n\t                    background-attachment: fixed;\r\n\t                }\r\n\t                .tdc-row[class*='stretch_row'] > .td_uid_1_6a0461e4b211a_rand.td-pb-row > .td-element-style {\r\n\t                    left: calc((-100vw + 100%)\/2) !important;\r\n\t                    transform: none !important;\r\n\t                }\r\n                }\n\/* inline tdc_css att *\/\n\n.td_uid_1_6a0461e4b211a_rand{\nmargin-top:-48px !important;\npadding-top:80px !important;\nposition:relative;\n}\n\n.td_uid_1_6a0461e4b211a_rand .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"td_uid_1_6a0461e4b2114_rand_style td-element-style\" ><div class=\"td-element-style-before\"><style>\n.td_uid_1_6a0461e4b2114_rand_style > .td-element-style-before {\ncontent:'' !important;\nwidth:100% !important;\nheight:100% !important;\nposition:absolute !important;\ntop:0 !important;\nleft:0 !important;\ndisplay:block !important;\nz-index:0 !important;\nbackground-image:url(\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2019\/05\/sfondo-campi.jpg\") !important;\nbackground-size:cover !important;\nbackground-position:center top !important;\n}\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_2_6a0461e4b2313_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_2_6a0461e4b2313_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_3_6a0461e4b23af_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_3_6a0461e4b23af\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title td_uid_4_6a0461e4b2e27_rand tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_4_6a0461e4b2e27\" ><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\">\n<style>\nbody .td_uid_5_6a0461e4b3108 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t.td_uid_5_6a0461e4b3108 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:34px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.td_uid_5_6a0461e4b3108 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:28px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index td_uid_5_6a0461e4b3108\"><h1 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-md\">Soil fluxes of nitrous oxide measured in the demonstration site in Ravenna<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_3_6a0461e4b3679\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row td_uid_6_6a0461e4b367c_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_6_6a0461e4b367c_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_7_6a0461e4b3729_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_7_6a0461e4b3729_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2<\/sub>O) fluxes from soil measured in demonstration site in Ravenna up to 31\/12\/2023&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_8_6a0461e4b37af_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_8_6a0461e4b37af\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>Graphs show the cumulated fluxes of N<sub>2<\/sub>O from soil, in the various phases of the crop rotation in the Conventional and the Efficient Cropping Systems. Carbon dioxide fluxes are measured by mean of 8 automated chambers, 4 in the Conventional Cropping System (CCS), and 4 in the Efficient Cropping System (ECS). Values in the graphs are the cumulated value of the daily average of the measurements made in the CCS and ECS systems, respectively.<\/p>\n<p>Data are under validation, so they are not to be considered as final.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_5_6a0461e4b3d12\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489940432 td_uid_9_6a0461e4b3d14_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489940432{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_9_6a0461e4b3d14_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_10_6a0461e4b3dce_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_10_6a0461e4b3dce_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;CCS \u2013 Conventional Cropping System&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1639040946770{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-846a0461e4b9773\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2024\/04\/ravenna-n2o-ccs-en.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"350\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-6396a0461e4b9816\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"10.805\",\"39.906\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-716a0461e4b9830\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 11\/12\/2019\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  01\/04\/2019\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 112 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 2.58 \u00b1 0.18 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.02 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-2566a0461e4b986c\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"19.074\",\"40.909\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-66a0461e4b987a\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Maize<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 02\/04\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 10\/09\/2020 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 161 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 112.5 \u00b1 10.42 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.70 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 8.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 21.6 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 196.6  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 75 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 2 insetticides, 2 herbicides\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-8636a0461e4b9894\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"25.910\",\"14.141\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-756a0461e4b989e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 11\/09\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  19\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 38 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 29.75 \u00b1 1.45 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.88 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-9866a0461e4b98b4\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"34.289\",\"42.929\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-806a0461e4b98bf\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 20\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 247 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 279.09 \u00b1 167.71 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 1.13 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 6.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 16.2  t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 180.4 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicied\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-116a0461e4b98d1\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"53.032\",\"38.384\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-246a0461e4b98db\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/05\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 325 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 112.46 \u00b1 39.96 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.35 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-1776a0461e4b98f8\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"66.152\",\"28.788\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-746a0461e4b9904\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Tomato<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/05\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 22\/08\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 77.77 \u00b1 22.95 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.80 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 6.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 12.9 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 140.1 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N, 100.2 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>, 137.8 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sub>2<\/sub>O\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 389 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 insecticide, 3 herbicide, 10 fungicide \n<br><b>Residues<\/b>: buried<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-6206a0461e4b9915\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"71.003\",\"15.657\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-936a0461e4b991e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/08\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 24\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 57 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 22.70 \u00b1 4.36 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 1.34 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-6676a0461e4b9930\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"80.154\",\"41.919\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-226a0461e4b9939\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/10\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 26\/06\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 244 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 115.41 \u00b1 13.0 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.61 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.35 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 115.5 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 insetticide, 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-4126a0461e4b994a\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"94.046\",\"35.354\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-96a0461e4b9954\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 27\/06\/2023\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 31\/12\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 187 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 72.14 \u00b1 1.22 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.39 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_7_6a0461e4b9987\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489946687 td_uid_11_6a0461e4b9989_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489946687{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_11_6a0461e4b9989_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_12_6a0461e4b9a33_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_12_6a0461e4b9a33_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;ECS \u2013 Efficient Cropping System&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-926a0461e4b9c96\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2024\/04\/ravenna-n2o-ecs-en.jpg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"350\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-7196a0461e4b9cde\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"14.884\",\"45.540\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-146a0461e4b9cee\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Pea<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 11\/12\/2019\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 19\/06\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b> 191 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 2.74 \u00b1 0.20 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.01 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.0 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 8.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 25 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-4656a0461e4b9d0d\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"24.035\",\"41.919\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-716a0461e4b9d19\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 20\/06\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  19\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 121 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 119.23 \u00b1 6.95 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.98 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-4726a0461e4b9d32\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"34.509\",\"39.394\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-946a0461e4b9d3e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 20\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 247 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 84.13 \u00b1 9.37 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.34 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 7.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 16.4  t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 130.0  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 75 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-9686a0461e4b9d53\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"45.645\",\"44.444\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-566a0461e4b9d5c\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Alfalfa<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 05\/10\/2021\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 37.79 \u00b1 11.99 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.38 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 0.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-8806a0461e4b9d70\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"55.788\",\"35.859\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-776a0461e4b9d7d\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 06\/10\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/05\/2022\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 222 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 53.32 \u00b1 21.42 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.24 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-1676a0461e4b9d92\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"65.932\",\"32.323\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-346a0461e4b9d9d\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Tomato<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/05\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 27\/08\/2022\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 39.43 \u00b1 7.26 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.41 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 5.7 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 11.2 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 109.3 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N, 101.8 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>, 135.6 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sub>2<\/sub>O\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 311 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 insecticide, 3 herbicide, 9 fungicide\n<br><b>Residues<\/b>: buried<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-456a0461e4b9daf\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"71.003\",\"15.657\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-286a0461e4b9db9\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/08\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 24\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 57 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: : 8.54 \u00b1 1.47 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.50 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-4116a0461e4b9dce\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"80.044\",\"42.929\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-746a0461e4b9dd7\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/10\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 26\/06\/2023\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 244 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 118.71 \u00b1 5.28 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.63 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.35 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 156 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-3596a0461e4b9de8\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"89.857\",\"18.182\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-36a0461e4b9df1\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Alfalfa<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 27\/06\/2023\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 28\/08\/2023\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 62 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 41.23 \u00b1 11.60 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.67 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-6196a0461e4b9e01\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"96.141\",\"40.404\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-456a0461e4b9e09\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 29\/08\/2023\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 31\/12\/2023\n<br><b>Durataion<\/b>: 124 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 43.02 \u00b1 13.43 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.34 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_9_6a0461e4b9e3f\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630490783983 td_uid_13_6a0461e4b9e41_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630490783983{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_13_6a0461e4b9e41_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_14_6a0461e4b9ef1_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_14_6a0461e4b9ef1_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/ravenna-co2\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-806a0461e4b9f82\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Show CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_15_6a0461e4b9fa0_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_15_6a0461e4b9fa0_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_16_6a0461e4b9fc8_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_16_6a0461e4b9fc8_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/confronto-n2o\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-106a0461e4ba006\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Compare with Foggia<\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Graphs show the cumulated fluxes of N2O from soil, in the various phases of the crop rotation in the Conventional and the Efficient Cropping Systems. Carbon dioxide fluxes are measured by mean of 8 automated chambers, 4 in the Conventional Cropping System (CCS), and 4 in the Efficient Cropping System (ECS). Values in the graphs","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[40],"class_list":["post-40443953","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ravenna N2O - Life Agrestic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Emissioni di protossido di azoto dal suolo misurate nel sito di Ravenna\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-n2o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ravenna N2O - Life Agrestic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emissioni di protossido di azoto dal suolo misurate nel sito di Ravenna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/ravenna-n2o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Life Agrestic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-04T09:43:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrestic.eu\\\/en\\\/ravenna-n2o\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrestic.eu\\\/en\\\/ravenna-n2o\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ravenna N2O - 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