{"id":40443984,"date":"2021-09-29T09:29:13","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T07:29:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/confronto-n2o\/"},"modified":"2023-10-17T16:37:56","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T14:37:56","slug":"confronto-n2o","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/confronto-n2o\/","title":{"rendered":"Confronto N2O"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb1\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489822271 td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb7_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row tdc-element-style\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489822271{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb7_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\r\n\r\n                \r\n                @media (min-width: 768px) {\r\n\t                .td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb7_rand .td-element-style-before {\r\n\t                    background-attachment: fixed;\r\n\t                }\r\n\t                .tdc-row[class*='stretch_row'] > .td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb7_rand.td-pb-row > .td-element-style {\r\n\t                    left: calc((-100vw + 100%)\/2) !important;\r\n\t                    transform: none !important;\r\n\t                }\r\n                }\n\/* inline tdc_css att *\/\n\n.td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb7_rand{\nmargin-top:-48px !important;\npadding-top:80px !important;\nposition:relative;\n}\n\n.td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb7_rand .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb1_rand_style td-element-style\" ><div class=\"td-element-style-before\"><style>\n.td_uid_1_69d6b58fe6eb1_rand_style > .td-element-style-before {\ncontent:'' !important;\nwidth:100% !important;\nheight:100% !important;\nposition:absolute !important;\ntop:0 !important;\nleft:0 !important;\ndisplay:block !important;\nz-index:0 !important;\nbackground-image:url(\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2019\/05\/sfondo-campi.jpg\") !important;\nbackground-size:cover !important;\nbackground-position:center top !important;\n}\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_2_69d6b58fe70a1_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_2_69d6b58fe70a1_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_3_69d6b58fe713b_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_3_69d6b58fe713b\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title td_uid_4_69d6b58fe7d79_rand tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_4_69d6b58fe7d79\" ><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\">\n<style>\nbody .td_uid_5_69d6b58fe80b1 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t.td_uid_5_69d6b58fe80b1 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:34px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.td_uid_5_69d6b58fe80b1 .tdm-title {\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:28px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index td_uid_5_69d6b58fe80b1\"><h1 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-md\">Comparison of nitrous oxide soil emissions measured on the two different demonstration sites<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_3_69d6b58fe862b\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row td_uid_6_69d6b58fe862d_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_6_69d6b58fe862d_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_7_69d6b58fe86de_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_7_69d6b58fe86de_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;N<sub>2<\/sub>O measured from soil&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_8_69d6b58fe8755_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_8_69d6b58fe8755\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>Values for GHG emissions in the two croppig systems are updated after the harvest of each crop, or at the end of the bare soil. Periods considered in the measurements are reported under the graphs.<\/p>\n<p>Data are under validation, so the shown results aren\u2019t definitive<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_5_69d6b58fe8cb7\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489940432 td_uid_9_69d6b58fe8cb9_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489940432{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_9_69d6b58fe8cb9_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_10_69d6b58fe8d88_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_10_69d6b58fe8d88_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Ravenna CCS &#8211; Conventional Cropping System `{`N<sub>2<\/sub>O`}`&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-4069d6b58ff04c4\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2023\/10\/ravenna-n2o-ccs-cfr.jpg\" width=\"1450\" height=\"1200\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-51669d6b58ff05a6\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"52.811\",\"97.736\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-9469d6b58ff05c2\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 11\/12\/2019\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  01\/04\/2019\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 112 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 2.58 \u00b1 0.18 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.02 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-28869d6b58ff0605\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"58.875\",\"91.212\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4069d6b58ff0613\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Maize<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 02\/04\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 10\/09\/2020 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 161 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 112.5 \u00b1 10.42 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.70 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 8.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 21.6 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 196.6  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 75 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 2 insetticides, 2 herbicides\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-28569d6b58ff062e\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"50.165\",\"83.356\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1269d6b58ff063b\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 11\/09\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  19\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 38 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 29.75 \u00b1 1.45 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.88 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-49869d6b58ff0653\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"60.529\",\"64.314\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-8669d6b58ff065e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 20\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 247 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 279.09 \u00b1 167.71 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 1.13 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 6.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 16.2  t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 180.4 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicied\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-17369d6b58ff0671\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"51.158\",\"44.571\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-8769d6b58ff067a\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/05\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 325 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 112.46 \u00b1 39.96 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.35 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-60369d6b58ff068e\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"59.757\",\"32.224\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7369d6b58ff069a\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Tomato<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/05\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 27\/08\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 77.77 \u00b1 22.95 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.80 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 6.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 12.9 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 140.1 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N, 100.2 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>, 137.8 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sub>2<\/sub>O\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 389 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 insecticide, 3 herbicide, 10 fungicide \n<br><b>Residui<\/b>: buried<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-31269d6b58ff06ab\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"47.519\",\"27.031\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1569d6b58ff06b7\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/08\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 24\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 57 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 22.70 \u00b1 4.36 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 1.34 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-43269d6b58ff06c8\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"63.837\",\"19.174\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-6369d6b58ff06d2\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/10\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 26\/06\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 244 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 115.41 \u00b1 13.0 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.61 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.35 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 115.5 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 insetticide, 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Residui<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_11_69d6b58ff0711_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_11_69d6b58ff0711\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>From 11\/12\/2019 to 26\/06\/20232 the N<sub>2<\/sub>O cumulated flux measured in the CCS cropping system in Ravenna is 751.31 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_12_69d6b58ff0d61_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_12_69d6b58ff0d61_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Ravenna ECS \u2013 Efficient Cropping System `{`N<sub>2<\/sub>O`}`&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-5069d6b58ff1020\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2023\/10\/ravenna-n2o-ecs-cfr.jpg\" width=\"1450\" height=\"1200\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-52469d6b58ff1066\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"48.622\",\"97.870\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-6669d6b58ff1079\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Pea<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 11\/12\/2019\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>:19\/06\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 191 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 2.74 \u00b1 0.20 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.01 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.0 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 8.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 25 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-57069d6b58ff109c\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"60.860\",\"91.611\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1969d6b58ff10a8\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 20\/06\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  19\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 121 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 119.23 \u00b1 6.95 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.98 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-28769d6b58ff10e0\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"48.953\",\"79.494\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4069d6b58ff10ed\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 20\/10\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 247 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 84.13 \u00b1 9.37 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.34 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 7.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 16.4  t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 130.0  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 75 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-36269d6b58ff1103\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"59.868\",\"72.570\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-4069d6b58ff110c\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Alfalfa<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 05\/10\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 37.79 \u00b1 11.99 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.38 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 0.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-19569d6b58ff1120\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"49.835\",\"67.510\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-769d6b58ff112a\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 06\/10\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/05\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 222 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 53.32 \u00b1 21.42 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.24 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-62869d6b58ff113e\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"56.560\",\"62.051\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-3369d6b58ff1149\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Tomato<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/05\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 27\/08\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 102 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 39.43 \u00b1 7.26 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.41 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 5.7 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 11.2 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 109.3 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N, 101.8 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>, 135.6 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> K<sub>2<\/sub>O\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 311 mm\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 insecticide, 3 herbicide, 9 fungicide\n<br><b>Residui<\/b>: buried\n<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-99569d6b58ff115a\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"44.983\",\"59.387\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5369d6b58ff1162\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/08\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 24\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 57 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 8.54 \u00b1 1.47 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.50 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-47969d6b58ff1174\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"66.373\",\"52.463\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-669d6b58ff117e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/10\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 26\/06\/2023\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 244 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 118.71 \u00b1 5.28 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.63 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.35 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 156 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicide\n<br><b>Residui<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_13_69d6b58ff11ac_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_13_69d6b58ff11ac\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>From 11\/12\/2019 to 26\/06\/2023 the\u00a0N<sub>2<\/sub>O cumulated flux measured in the ECS cropping system in Ravenna is 463.89 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_8_69d6b58ff1795\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630489940432 td_uid_14_69d6b58ff1798_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630489940432{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_14_69d6b58ff1798_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_15_69d6b58ff1844_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_15_69d6b58ff1844_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Foggia CCS &#8211; Conventional Cropping System `{`N<sub>2<\/sub>O`}`&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-369d6b58ff1a87\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2023\/10\/foggia-n2o-ccs-cfr.jpg\" width=\"1450\" height=\"1200\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-55769d6b58ff1ac5\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"45.645\",\"91.478\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-2169d6b58ff1ad5\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/11\/2019\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  30\/04\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 154 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 21.24 \u00b1 0.97 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.14 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-80069d6b58ff1af9\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"62.955\",\"87.750\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-469d6b58ff1b07\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Sunflower<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 30\/04\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 17\/09\/2020 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 140 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 43.91 \u00b1 2.36 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.31 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 0.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 0.6 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 56  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 30 mm\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: chopped<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-61069d6b58ff1b1e\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"53.914\",\"84.288\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-1469d6b58ff1b28\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4><b>Inizio<\/b>: 18\/09\/2020\n<br><b>Start<\/b>:  30\/11\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 73 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 11.42 \u00b1 0.74 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.18 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-29869d6b58ff1b3d\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"63.286\",\"81.758\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-2569d6b58ff1b48\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 01\/12\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 205 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 30.81 \u00b1 1.65 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.17 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 2.9 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 10.7 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 222  kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N + 30 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>  P2O5\n<br><b>Treatements<\/b>: 2 fungicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-61469d6b58ff1b5a\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"48.732\",\"78.562\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7069d6b58ff1b63\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 21\/12\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 179 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 25.33 \u00b1 4.16 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.15 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-74669d6b58ff1b75\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"64.498\",\"74.834\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7469d6b58ff1b80\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Barley<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 22\/12\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 30\/06\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 190 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 36.75 \u00b1 5.30 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.25 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 5.84 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 12.74 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m. \n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 109 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N + 40 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>  P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>\n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 1 fungicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-95369d6b58ff1b90\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"51.819\",\"72.304\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-769d6b58ff1b99\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 01\/07\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 31\/10\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 122 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 6.27 \u00b1 0.28 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.13 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_16_69d6b58ff1bc1_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_16_69d6b58ff1bc1\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>From 11\/12\/2019 to 31\/10\/2022 the\u00a0N<sub>2<\/sub>O cumulated flux measured in the CCS cropping system in Foggia is 175.91 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_17_69d6b58ff214e_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_17_69d6b58ff214e_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Foggia ECS \u2013 Efficient Cropping System `{`N<sub>2<\/sub>O`}`&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:center&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div id=\"mpc_interactive_image-4269d6b58ff2375\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image mpc-init \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tecnichenuove.it\/agrestic\/2023\/10\/foggia-n2o-ecs-cfr.jpg\" width=\"1450\" height=\"1200\" alt=\"Image\" class=\"mpc-interactive_image__image\" \/><div class=\"mpc-interactive_image-wrap\"><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-40169d6b58ff23b6\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"46.417\",\"91.611\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-3069d6b58ff23c5\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 28\/11\/2019\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  17\/02\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 81 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 15.82 \u00b1 3.23 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.20 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-93669d6b58ff23ea\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"58.655\",\"89.880\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-8369d6b58ff23f6\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Lentil<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 18\/02\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 29\/06\/2020 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 132 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 18.02 \u00b1 1.11 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.14 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 0.2 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 0.5 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Irrigation<\/b>: 30 mm\n<br><b>Treatements<\/b>: 2 herbicides\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: on superface<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-83369d6b58ff2410\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"67.916\",\"87.084\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-6569d6b58ff241a\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Crop residues<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 30\/06\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  21\/09\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 83 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 25.56 \u00b1 1.22 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.30 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-38569d6b58ff242f\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"51.047\",\"84.953\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7769d6b58ff2438\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 22\/09\/2020\n<br><b>End<\/b>:  30\/11\/2020\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 69 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 9.33 \u00b1 0.74 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.16 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-33669d6b58ff2490\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"44.542\",\"82.956\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-9769d6b58ff249d\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Durum wheat<\/h4>\n<b>Sowing<\/b>: 01\/12\/2020\n<br><b>Harvest<\/b>: 24\/06\/2021 \n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 205 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 26.31 \u00b1 4.32 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.14 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 4.3 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 9.8 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> s.s.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 98 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>   N + 35 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup>  P2O5\n<br><b>Treatements<\/b>: 1 fungicide\n<br><b>Crop residues<\/b>: removed<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-10969d6b58ff24b2\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"61.411\",\"80.692\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5769d6b58ff24bc\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 25\/06\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 03\/10\/2021\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 100 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 13.25 \u00b1 1.40 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.15 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-37769d6b58ff24d0\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"54.906\",\"79.095\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-7669d6b58ff24da\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Mustard<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 04\/10\/2021\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 16\/01\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 104 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 14.32 \u00b1 2.49 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.14 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 3.77 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br>Crop was incorporated in soil<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-10669d6b58ff24eb\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"47.189\",\"77.497\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-5869d6b58ff24f4\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Bare soil<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 17\/01\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 20\/04\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 93 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 15.02 \u00b1 1.16 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.17 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"mpc_hotspot-60169d6b58ff2505\" class=\"mpc-hotspot mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-tooltip-wrap \"  data-position='[\"65.160\",\"74.967\"]'><i class=\"mpc-hotspot__icon mpc-transition  fa fa-plus-circle mpc-init mpc-icon-type--icon mpc-tooltip-target\"><\/i><div id=\"mpc_tooltip-3869d6b58ff250e\" class=\"mpc-tooltip mpc-init mpc-position--top mpc-can-hover mpc-wide mpc-trigger--hover \"><h4>Sunflower<\/h4>\n<b>Start<\/b>: 21\/04\/2022\n<br><b>End<\/b>: 22\/09\/2022\n<br><b>Duration<\/b>: 154 days\n<br><b>Cumulated flux<\/b>: 24.98 \u00b1 2.68 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Average daily flux<\/b>: 0.31 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup>\n<br><b>Yield<\/b>: 1.7 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Total biomass<\/b>: 42.4 t ha<sup>-1<\/sup> d.m.\n<br><b>Fertilisation<\/b>: 33.5 kg ha<sup>-1<\/sup> N \n<br><b>Treatments<\/b>: 2 herbicide\n<br><b>Residues<\/b>: buried<div class=\"mpc-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text td_uid_18_69d6b58ff2537_rand  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"td_uid_18_69d6b58ff2537\" \"><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p>From 28\/11\/2019 to 22\/09\/2022 the N<sub>2<\/sub>O cumulated flux measured in the ECS cropping system in Foggia is 163.01 mg N<sub>2<\/sub>O m<sup>-2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"td_uid_11_69d6b58ff2a84\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1630490783983 td_uid_19_69d6b58ff2a85_rand  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1630490783983{margin-bottom: 50px !important;}\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_19_69d6b58ff2a85_rand {\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_20_69d6b58ff2b46_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_20_69d6b58ff2b46_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/confronto-co2\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-2069d6b58ff2bd1\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Show CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_21_69d6b58ff2bf1_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_21_69d6b58ff2bf1_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/ravenna-n2o\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-1469d6b58ff2c4c\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Show Ravenna data<\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column td_uid_22_69d6b58ff2c62_rand  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4\">\n<style scoped>\n\n\/* custom css *\/\n.td_uid_22_69d6b58ff2c62_rand {\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><a href=\"\/en\/foggia-n2o\" target=\"\" title=\"\"  data-id=\"mpc_button-4169d6b58ff2c9d\" class=\"mpc-button mpc-init mpc-transition mpc-display--block \" ><div class=\"mpc-button__content mpc-effect-type--none mpc-effect-side--none\"><span class=\"mpc-button__title mpc-transition\">Show Foggia data<\/span><\/div><div class=\"mpc-button__background mpc-transition mpc-effect-type--fade mpc-effect-side--in\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Values for GHG emissions in the two croppig systems are updated after the harvest of each crop, or at the end of the bare soil. Periods considered in the measurements are reported under the graphs. Data are under validation, so the shown results aren\u2019t definitive [vc_custom_heading text=\"Ravenna CCS - Conventional Cropping System `{`N2O`}`\" font_container=\"tag:h3|text_align:center\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\"]Bare","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[40],"class_list":["post-40443984","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Confronto N2O - Life Agrestic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Confronto delle emissioni di protossido di azoto da suolo misurate nei due siti dimostrativi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrestic.eu\/en\/confronto-n2o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Confronto N2O - 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